La fiesta de la Gelaguetza

Guelaguetza:

The Guelaguetza, also called the Lunes del Cerro, or "Mondays on the Hill," is celebrated in Oaxaca on the last two Mondays of July. It is a celebration in which representatives from the many communities of Oaxaca come together and celebrate the diversity of their traditions and cultures. The state of Oaxaca is home to 16 different ethno-linguistic groups and is incredibly diverse. They gather wearing their traditional clothing and perform folk dances that are particular to their region. At the end of the dancing they throw items to the crowd, products that come from the region they represent.

Origins of the Guelaguetza:

The word Guelaguetza means "offering" in the Zapotec language, and its meaning goes far beyond the festival. In traditional Oaxacan villages when there is an occasion for celebration such as a baptism , wedding, or the feast day of the villages' patron saint, the people attending the party will bring items necessary for the celebration: food, alcoholic beverages, etc. Each person's offering, or "guelaguetza" allows the party to take place and becomes part of a reciprocal exchange and is one of the ways social ties are reinforced and maintained through time.

The Guelaguetza festival as it is celebrated today is a combination of prehispanic celebrations of the corn goddess, Centeotl, and the Catholic feast day of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, which falls on July 16th.

The Guelaguetza Auditorium:

Since colonial times the Guelaguetza festival has been celebrated on the Fortin Hill in Oaxaca (Cerro del Fortin). In the 1970s a special auditorium was built specifically for this celebration, though other events are held there throughout the year. The Guelaguetza Auditorium has seating for 11,000 people. One very special feature of this construction is that it is built into the hill so that spectators looking down at the stage can also appreciate a gorgeous view of the city below.

Centeotl:

Every year a young woman from one of the communities of Oaxaca state is chosen to represent Centeotl, the corn goddess. This is not a beauty contest, but rather a contest to see which young woman is most knowledgeable about the traditions of her community.

Attending the Guelaguetza Festival:

Tickets can be purchased for the Guelaguetza Festival through Ticketmaster Mexico. Tickets are for seating in the two front sections of the auditorium. Seats are not reserved so you need to arrive early to get a good spot. Since 2005 there have been two showings of the Guelaguetza per Monday, one at 9 am and one at 5 pm. If you go to the morning show you should wear a hat and use sunscreen because the sun is very strong and there is no shade. For the afternoon show you should take a rain poncho or something to protect you from the rain because July is rainy season in Oaxaca and it often rains in the afternoon.

Other Festivities:

There are many other events that take place in Oaxaca during the two weeks of the Guelaguetza festival, including concerts, exhibits, conferences and a mezcal fair where you can sample different brands of this alcoholic drink.

There are also independent celebrations of the Guelaguetza in several villages near Oaxaca where you can witness more traditional festivities, such as in Cuilapan. See photos of the 2006 celebration of the Guelaguetza in Cuilapan.

Guelaguetza throughout the year:

If you can't go in July but would like to see a presentation of the Guelaguetza dances, you can attend shows throughout the year at a few different locations in Oaxaca.

• Casa de la Cantera Restaurant has nightly performances of a Guelaguetza show.
• The Camino Real hotel offers a Guelaguetza presentation every Friday night with a buffet dinner.